Chemical Composition and Analgesic Effects by Acetic Acid Induced Writhing and Hot plate method of Combined Hydro-ethanol Leave Extract of Kigelia africana and Guiera Senegalesis In Mice

Abstract

Some traditional plants are usually used in some part of developing countries for the management of pain. An ache is common experience observed by the patients, and patient anxiety is a form of warning signal. This work aimed at finding the chemical compositions, antibacterial and analgesic properties of combined hydro-ethanol leave extract (CHELE) of K. africana (KA) and G. Senegalesis (GS) in mice. Antimicrobial screening of combined hydro-ethanol extracts of KA and GS screened against the Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Salmonella spp and Ciprofloxacin used as a standard control. The mice were grouped into 4 and administered with acetic acid intraperitoneal and kept in separate transparent cages for observation of abdominal writhing compared to control group (G). G1 Normal control, G2 treated with standard drug (piroxicam 20mg/kg), G3 received extracts at dose of 250 mg/kg bw and G4 received extract at dose of 500mg/kg bw. Plant extract possess significant analgesic activity by decreasing number of writhing made compared to control group. Percentage of inhibition in G3 treated with 250mg/kg significantly increases (31.48%) compared to G2 with inhibition percentage of 1.85%, so also does G4 extract administered at 500mg/kg, which inhibits writhing percentage by 48.14%. in hot plate method, the administration of piroxicam, combined extracts (250mg/kg and 500mg/kg bw) at 120 and 180 minutes after first (30 minutes) and second jumping (60 minutes) decreased the time in seconds. The mice withstand the heat when compared with the control group. CHELE treated at provided doses showed significant decrease in number of writhes compared to the control group. At higher dose (500mg/kg) the combine extract has the highest effect. Preliminary phytochemical analysis of CHELE record the presence of alkaloids, saponins, glycocides, balsams, tannins, volatile oil among others. The CHELE resulted in notable activity for the used bacterial strains as compared to ciprofloxacin. S. aureus, pseudomonas and Salmonella spp shown highly sensitive strains while E. coli show none. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GCMS) displayed twenty nine (29) compounds in the combine leave extracts of KA and GS. The antibacterial and analgesic activity might be due to the chemical compositions of the combine extracts of KA and GS, and play a role in pain relief